Sports events in New Zealand
A. McLeans Island Run
This unique running and cycling event winds its way through the Canterbury countryside and finishes in Orana Park, where your spectators will include lions, giraffes, and gorillas. Whether you’re a first-time or a seasoned professional, there’s a distance to suit you. Choose from the short, the sprint, or the standard distance. You can race to help other people too – if you get some friends or workmates to sponsor you, you’ll be in with a chance to win $25,000 to put towards a good cause of your choice.

B. The Pioneer

The Pioneer is an awe-inspiring seven-day mountain bike race through New Zealand’s pristine Southern Alps. It is the true test of endurance as you ride over 500 km of farm tracks, cycle trails, double track, and single track riding in a very special part of the world –various mountain peaks, crystal-clear lakes, and high river valleys provide a stunning backdrop.

C. Race Drone Experience
If you have ever wanted to experience the thrill of driving a 6000cc race car, this is for you. With full protective equipment, an instructor guides you through the day, first in the classroom at Motorsport Park Raceway, then before being fully kitted out with one of our race suits and safety helmet, you take to the track under careful supervision. You’ll have time to watch other drivers in action before it’s your turn, and you can undertake your own high-speed laps in a single-seater racing car.

D. Banks Peninsula Walking Festival
The Banks Peninsula Walking Festival offers guided walks all over the Banks Peninsula. The guides, many of whom are experts in their fields, will tell you about the heritage of the land and its importance to local people. You will get to know new people and hear the stories and atmosphere of this fantastic land.

SECTION 2 - Questions 15–27
What to do if you are made redundant
Employees are made redundant when a company has to reduce the workforce because a job or jobs are no longer needed. It has nothing to do with the employees’ ability to do their jobs. However, dealing with redundancy can be difficult. Here are some tips on how to cope.
First of all, don’t panic. It’s common for people to either rush into a flurry of activity or be frozen, by the shock of being suddenly made redundant. The best course of action is to keep calm and draw up a list of all the things you need to arrange in the months ahead. It’s important to find out what your rights are. Obtain a copy of the latest employee regulations and check out your contract.
To maintain good relations wherever possible with your employer, even if you are angry about the manner of your exit. You will stand a better chance of securing another job more quickly if you are well thought of. Job agencies can make useful introductions or offer some consultancy services.
Don’t rush a prospective job offer; any decision that takes a huge difference to your job search strategy must be fully thought through. Take an in-depth research of what the future possibilities are, but there are ways to work it out and re-arrange what you may own.
Assess whether there are any gaps in experience or qualifications that could be a barrier to getting the next job and address them. Sit down with friends or your own personal network and work on a plan that can help you enhance your skills. Also, use good redundancy networks for ideas.
Redundancy does not necessarily mean the end of your working life unless you want it to.Although it can be traumatic, many people find that redundancy is actually the event that allows them to move forward in the direction they actually want to go. So think about what you really want, and go for it.

Palvin’s Restaurant

                                                                          Instructions to new kitchen staff
Dress standards at our restaurants are extremely important whichever area you work in. The following information will help ensure that you have a professional appearance every day as you carry out your food service duties.
Palvin’s Restaurant chain provides new kitchen staff with their uniforms and you are advised to come to work with a note of your chest, waist, and hip measurements to assist in this process. On your first day, you will be issued with two pairs of trousers, two aprons, two jackets, and two hats. Once you’re happy that you have the right fit, you should label the garments home and adda name tag to each one. Put these inside the garments so that they cannot be seen.
Kitchen work can be messy, and it is up to you to make sure that your uniform is kept clean. You may be asked to bring your own clothes in to do this work. Towels are available at work, but it is good practice to bring your own to use in the kitchen. You can keep this in your staff locker.
Similarly, you will have to make sure that your shoes are polished, and any other personal items such as your locker keys are available for your use when on duty. It is advisable to bring your own small padlock for this.
Uniforms should not be worn outside— you should wear your normal clothes to and from work and change in the locker rooms. For example, work shoes and shirts or tops are not acceptable in the kitchen; it’s cold, whereas a jacket is not. If you get your work clothes dirty while travelling, you may need to have a locker room at your workplace. You can use the changing facilities instead to help keep your apron and trousers clean.
If you are not already vaccinated, this must be done immediately for the company, you should get an injury check at the start of your shift. This is to help check if there are any wounds, and if necessary, they will need to be taken care of. Employees who have smaller cuts and wounds will also need to inform the manager when they come to work, as they may have to take time off to
avoid infection.

The forgotten role of women in medieval arts
A. A team of archaeologists recently and unexpectedly revealed direct archaeological evidence of the involvement of medieval women in the production of manuscripts. This challenges the widespread assumptions that men were the sole producers of books throughout the period in
European history known as the Middle Ages (500-1500 AD). They did so by identifying particles of blue pigment in the fossilised dental plaque of a medieval woman’s jaws lazuli, an extremely valuable substance at the time. The findings are the first of their kind and strongly
suggest it will be possible to increase our knowledge of the artistic female workforce in the field and archaeological record by analysing their dietary teeth.
B. This discovery was made possible by applying technological advances in the field of archaeological science to a little-studied deposit on teeth known as tartar, which mineralises dental plaque, much like the dental plaque is regularly found in people’s mouths today. Building
on this detailed analysis, the team has suggested that the plaque acts as a mineral matrix that can
trap and preserve particles of materials that entered the mouth during an individual’s life. This old dental deposit thus holds rich archaeological potential. A variety of past objects, including food and drink, even inhaled particles from the natural environment or human byproducts, can enter the body in this way. This means that dental plaque functions as an extraordinary record of
an individual’s life.

C .The majority of scholarly work conducted on ancient tartar has been centred on what it might show us about diets, but its function in the environment has been explored far less. In comparison, some modern studies have uncovered surprising examples of other particles entering the body through food, work conditions and lifestyle choices. However, the notion of tartar as environmental evidence has not, so far, been much exploited.
D.The team analysed the skeletal remains of a female individual, known as B78, who lived in the 11th-12th century. She was buried in the grounds of a former women’s monastery in Dahlheim, Germany, that is in ruins today but was occupied by various religious groups for around a thousand years. They found well over 100 bright blue particles, in the form of small crystals and deep flakes, scattered throughout the tartar which was still preserved on her teeth. Her skeletal remains did not indicate anything particular about her life, besides a general indication that she probably did not do any hard labour. The blue particles were an eye-opener for their discovery—firstly because of their colour, and secondly because of their number.
E. To be sure about the nature of the particles of bright blue powder trapped within the woman’startar, a range of microscopy techniques were used. All techniques provided the same results: the blue specks were lazuli, the blue portion of the lapis lazuli stone which was the most precious of the gold in Medieval Europe. Afghanistan was the only source of the stone at the time, and the preparation of the pigment took great skill.
F. So how did particles of this precious material end up deposited on this woman’s teeth? A variety of reasons were possible, from painting to the accidental ingestion during pigment preparation, or the consumption of medicine that contained the pigment. However, an analysis of the flecks found on her teeth suggested a single intake. And creating artworks with blue pigment from lapis lazuli required a single intake of flecks. This suggests that the woman had been engaged in book painting. The main conclusion was that it must have been transported from Afghanistan through trade, through the region as a finished ink product for use by artists.
G. The most likely explanation, then, is that this was a woman who had to paint using her lips to make the fine point of the end of her brush in order to paint intricate detail on the text, a method that was documented in other medieval texts but never confirmed before the 12th century. Her work can then be seen as evidence that women, rather than men, were known for their work on the production of illustrated manuscripts. By examining her remains, the findings of the archaeological team not only show that women artists in medieval Europe were involved in book painting, but also that their work was of an exceptionally high standard. The discovery highlights the potential of ancient dental tartar to uncover past artistic practices and thereby reveal the invisible workforce behind many forms of art.