MAIN STREET, GATTON RE-DEVELOPMENT

ROAD WIDENING TO AFFECT WEEKEND TRAFFIC AND BUS SERVICES TO THE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

The next stage in the re-development of the roads in the town of Gatton will mean that Main Street will be closed between Little and Denning Streets from 6 am on Saturday, 12 August to 6 pm on Sunday, 13 August. The intersections of these streets with Main Street will not be affected.

We expect that the work will be completed at this time without further disruption to traffic.

Motorists should note that Main Street will be closed over the weekend during the hours indicated.

No university bus services will operate through the area between Little and Denning Streets. However, alternative services will operate on bus routes 566 and 45 between Gatton Road, the town center, and the university.

The Transport and Roads Department apologizes for any inconvenience caused while improvements are in progress.

ASHWOOD COLLEGE

How to enroll if you are abroad

Please complete the Application Form and send this with the correct Non-Refundable Deposit (see below) to:

The Overseas Registrar, Ashwood College, 20 Glassop Street, Midhaven.
Tel: 01429–960775, Fax: 01429–960670.

How to enroll if you live in Midhaven

We invite you to visit us and see the school. After an assessment, you will be able to reserve a place on the next available course. We have two main sites in Midhaven.

Deposit/payment

✔ All students must pay a deposit when they apply for a course.
✔ This deposit cannot be refunded unless the College is unable to offer a place on a suitable course.
✔ The balance of the fees must be paid by the end of the first week of the course.

Conditions

✔ Transfer between courses can be arranged only with the approval of the Director of Studies.
✔ Students are grouped by ability level.
✔ No holidays may be taken during a 12-week course.
✔ The College reserves the right to exclude students whose attendance or behavior is unsatisfactory.

Student facilities

✔ Students may use the study room when it is not in use for teaching.
✔ A small kitchen area is available for making hot drinks and snacks.
✔ The college provides free internet access for students.

THE TOTARA LANGUAGE INSTITUTE NEW ZEALAND

Study English in a national university with students from many countries.

• 4-week blocks
• 5 hours’ tuition each day
• Examination preparation
• University entry (with appropriate academic and English requirements)

Choice of accommodation for all students – homestays with local families or in Halls of Residence with New Zealand students.

The Totara Language Institute is part of the University of Waikato in the city of Hamilton, in New Zealand’s North Island. Intensive English language courses for both academic study and work have student intakes every four weeks for as many blocks as they wish. Classes run for 5 hours each day, Monday to Friday, and include preparation for several international English language examinations. Our aim is to help students gain rapid and effective improvements in their English language skills. The Institute offers a friendly environment in which students can enjoy learning, small class sizes, experienced and professional teachers, and modern facilities such as language laboratories, computer-based learning, and self-access study centers.

To make learning English enjoyable, we arrange a social program of trips and visits to places of interest each month. Language Institute students are welcome to use the university library and sports facilities and to join the wide range of clubs at the University of Waikato. These activities help students to use English naturally while making new friends and learning about life in New Zealand.

Hamilton, one of New Zealand’s fastest-growing cities, is ideally located for a wide range of leisure and cultural activities. The Waikato River runs through the town, and beautiful beaches, mountains, forests, lakes, and hot pools are all within a short drive from the city. The climate is mild, with warm summers and cool, fresh winters. Within easy reach are ski fields, museums, and the famous Waitomo Caves, with their glowworms and underground rivers.

The cost of living in Hamilton is lower than in larger cities, making it an affordable choice for students.

How to apply:
Apply at least one month before you wish to start. Students from many different countries attend the Institute; permit regulations vary according to nationality. Short-term students do not need a student visa, but a student permit is required for courses longer than three months. Courses of longer duration require a student permit, which is issued for the length of study only.

THE TOTARA LANGUAGE INSTITUTE NEW ZEALAND

Study English in a national university with students from many countries.

• 4-week blocks
• 5 hours’ tuition each day
• Examination preparation
• University entry (with appropriate academic and English requirements)

Choice of accommodation for all students – homestays with local families or in Halls of Residence with New Zealand students.

The Totara Language Institute is part of the University of Waikato in the city of Hamilton, in New Zealand’s North Island. Intensive English classes are taught in four-week blocks throughout the year and are suitable for students wishing to achieve fluency. Classes are 5 hours long from Monday to Friday. Facilities include a library, computer labs, and modern teaching resources.

Students may choose homestay accommodation with local families or halls of residence with New Zealand students to immerse themselves in English-speaking environments.

Hamilton is one of New Zealand’s fastest-growing cities and is ideally located for exploring the region’s cultural and natural attractions. The city has a vibrant arts and café scene, as well as outdoor adventure activities.

The Language Institute helps students with social activities, sightseeing, and longer study options. Students need a valid student visa to study, and a course of longer duration requires a student permit.

A
Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 percent of the world’s energy needs. However, with growing international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of energy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported, and used is critical.

A wide range of pollution control devices and practices is in place at most modern mines, and significant resources are spent on rehabilitating mined land. In addition, major research and development programs are focused on lifting efficiencies and reducing emissions of greenhouse gases during coal combustion. Such measures are helping coal to maintain its status as a major supplier of the world’s future energy needs.

B
The coal industry has been targeted by its critics as a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. However, the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon involving the forces of global weather and temperature due to the presence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Without the greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature would be 33 degrees Celsius lower, or -18 degrees Celsius. Life on Earth, as we know it today, would not be possible.

There is concern that this natural phenomenon is being altered by the build-up of gases from human activity, perhaps giving rise to additional warming and changes in the global climate. This additional build-up and its worst outcome have been called the enhanced greenhouse effect. Considerable debate exists, however, about the extent to which human activities affect the climate in relation to the natural variability of the atmosphere.

C
Greenhouse gases arise from a wide range of sources, and their increasing concentration is largely related to the world’s rising demand for energy. Improving living standards and increasing lifestyle expectations have contributed to the rapid rise in energy demand. The world’s population is set to stabilize in the twenty-first century between 8 and 14 billion, with more than 80 percent of the people living in developing countries. Continued measures will be needed in all fuel industries to support energy requirements, minimize environmental impacts, and, where possible, associate future reductions in greenhouse gas emissions with energy use. There is also a sustainable balance between population, resources, and the environment.

The major contributor to emissions from human activities are carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane, and nitrous oxides, which come from sources such as burning fossil fuels. Other industrial gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), also contribute to global warming.

D
The worldwide coal industry allocates extensive resources to researching and developing new technologies and ways of capturing greenhouse gases. Efficiencies are likely to be improved.

Dramatically, and hence CO₂ emissions are reduced through combustion and gasification techniques, which are now at pilot and demonstration stages.

Clean coal is another avenue for improving fuel conversion efficiency. Investigations are under way into superclean coal (3-5 percent ash) and ultraclean coal (less than 1 percent ash). Superclean coal has the potential to enhance the combustion efficiency of conventional pulverized fuel power plants. Ultraclean coal will enable coal to be used in advanced power systems such as gas turbines, which, when operated in combined cycle, have the potential to achieve much greater efficiencies.

D
Defenders of mining point out that, environmentally, coal mining has two important factors in its favor. It makes only temporary use of the land and produces no toxic chemical waste. It involves pre-planning projects, implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining, and rehabilitating mined areas. The coal industry minimizes its impact on the neighboring community, the immediate environment, and long-term land capability.

But wastes are controlled by syphoning roads and stockpiles, and water pollution is controlled by carefully separating clean water and runoff water, which contains sediments or salt from mining operations. The latter is treated and reused after suspension. Mining can be controlled by modifying excavation and by using insulation and sound enclosures around machinery.

Since mining activities represent only a temporary use of land, extensive rehabilitation measures are adopted. The final stages of the mining and operation process are aimed at returning the land as closely as possible to its original state. The industry uses tree reforestation, cattle grazing, and crop raising, or urban resources and infrastructure development.

In open-cut operations, however, the land is used exclusively for mining, but land rehabilitation measures generally begin before the mining development. As coal samples are extracted to assess the content and value of the land, the topsoil is also assessed to help establish the ability of the soil for subsequent agricultural or rehabilitated areas. If mining access is one direction of the land, the extracted topsoil is temporarily stored. Once the mining is complete, the topsoil is replaced, and the land is contoured and revegetated.

The rehabilitation plan must conform with all safety regulations, and in some cases, water catchment areas are built for fish farming or water reservoirs. Based on the soil requirements, the land is stabilized, fertilized, and revegetated.